AMC 8 · 2001 · #10

Grade 6 arithmeticrate-ratio
percentagefraction-decimal-conversionmulti-digit-arithmetic identify-subproblems ↑ Prerequisites: percentagefraction-decimal-conversion
📏 Short solution 💡 2 insights

Problem

A collector offers to buy state quarters for 2000% of their face value. At that rate how much will Bryden get for his four state quarters?

Pick an answer.

(A)
$20 ext{ dollars}$
(B)
$50 ext{ dollars}$
(C)
$200 ext{ dollars}$
(D)
$500 ext{ dollars}$
(E)
$2000 ext{ dollars}$
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Toolkit + CCSS Solution

Understand

Restated: A U.S. state quarter is worth $\$0.25$. A collector offers to pay $2000\%$ of the face value. How much money does Bryden get for his $4$ state quarters?

Givens: Each state quarter has face value $\$0.25$; Bryden has $4$ quarters; The collector pays $2000\%$ of the total face value; Answer choices: (A) $\$20$, (B) $\$50$, (C) $\$200$, (D) $\$500$, (E) $\$2000$

Unknowns: The dollar amount the collector pays Bryden

Understand

Restated: A U.S. state quarter is worth $\$0.25$. A collector offers to pay $2000\%$ of the face value. How much money does Bryden get for his $4$ state quarters?

Givens: Each state quarter has face value $\$0.25$; Bryden has $4$ quarters; The collector pays $2000\%$ of the total face value; Answer choices: (A) $\$20$, (B) $\$50$, (C) $\$200$, (D) $\$500$, (E) $\$2000$

Plan

Primary tool: #7 Break Into Subproblems

The problem packs two simple ideas into one sentence: a money total and a percent rate. Tool #7 (Break Into Subproblems) splits the work cleanly: (a) find the total face value of $4$ quarters, then (b) take $2000\%$ of that total. The percent step shrinks once you notice $2000\% = \dfrac{2000}{100} = 20$, turning "$2000\%$ of" into plain multiplication by $20$. No variables or equations are needed — just two short arithmetic steps in order.

Execute — Answer: A

#7 Break Into Subproblems 4.MD.A.2 Step 1
  • Subproblem 1: find the total face value of $4$ quarters.
  • Each quarter is $\$0.25$, and four quarters make one whole dollar.
$4 \times \$0.25 = \$1.00$

💡 Four quarters make a dollar — the Grade 4 money fact that anchors the rest of the problem.

#7 Break Into Subproblems 6.RP.A.3 Step 2
  • Convert $2000\%$ into a plain multiplier.
  • "Percent" means "per hundred", so $2000\%$ is $\dfrac{2000}{100}$, which simplifies to $20$.
  • Paying $2000\%$ of the face value is the same as paying $20$ times the face value.
$$2000\% = \dfrac{2000}{100} = 20$$

💡 $100\%$ is one whole, so $2000\%$ is $20$ wholes — twenty times the original amount.

#7 Break Into Subproblems 6.RP.A.3 Step 3
  • Subproblem 2: apply the multiplier to the face value.
  • Multiply $\$1.00$ by $20$ to get the collector's payment.
$20 \times \$1.00 = \$20 \;\Rightarrow\; \textbf{(A)}$

💡 Twenty times one dollar is twenty dollars — the two subproblems combine into the final answer.

[1] #7 4.MD.A.2 Subproblem 1: find the total face value of $4$ quarters. Each quarter is $\$0.25
[2] #7 6.RP.A.3 Convert $2000\%$ into a plain multiplier. "Percent" means "per hundred", so $200
[3] #7 6.RP.A.3 Subproblem 2: apply the multiplier to the face value. Multiply $\$1.00$ by $20$

Review

Reasonableness: Quick size check: $2000\%$ is $20$ times the face value, and the face value is $\$1$, so the payment is $\$20$ — choice (A). The trap answers track common slips. (B) $\$50$ would come from misreading the rate. (C) $\$200$ matches treating the rate as $200$ times instead of $20$ times (dividing $2000$ by $10$ instead of $100$). (D) $\$500$ uses $500\%$ on $4$ quarters in a confused way. (E) $\$2000$ treats $2000\%$ as if it meant "multiply by $2000$" — forgetting the "per hundred" in "percent". Choosing (A) means the percent was converted correctly.

Alternative: Tool #5 (Find a Pattern) using benchmark percents. $100\%$ of $\$1$ is $\$1$. $200\%$ of $\$1$ is $\$2$. $1000\%$ of $\$1$ is $\$10$. Each time the percent multiplies by $10$, so does the dollar amount. So $2000\%$ of $\$1$ is $\$20$ — same answer (A), reached by scaling instead of formula.

CCSS standards used (min grade 6)

  • 4.MD.A.2 Use the four operations to solve word problems involving money, including problems involving simple fractions or decimals (Computing the total face value $4 \times \$0.25 = \$1.00$ — a Grade 4 money fact (four quarters make a dollar).)
  • 6.RP.A.3 Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world problems, including finding a percent of a quantity (Converting $2000\%$ to the multiplier $20$ and computing $20 \times \$1.00 = \$20$ as "$2000\%$ of $\$1$".)

⭐ "Percent" means "per hundred", so $2000\%$ is just $\dfrac{2000}{100} = 20$ — twenty times the original. Four quarters add up to $\$1$, and twenty times $\$1$ is $\$20$, answer (A).

⭐ "Percent" means "per hundred", so $2000\%$ is just $\dfrac{2000}{100} = 20$ — twenty times the original. Four quarters add up to $\$1$, and twenty times $\$1$ is $\$20$, answer (A).