Sensim Math Original · sm-1

SM Original Grade 5 arithmetic
Inspired by AMC 8 2024 #2
fraction-arithmeticfraction-decimal-conversionmulti-digit-arithmetic identify-subproblems ↑ Prerequisites: fraction-arithmeticmulti-digit-arithmetic
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Problem

A baker writes the total amount of flour (in kilograms) for one large batch as a sum of three fractions. What is the value of this expression in decimal form?

729+7530+63700\frac{72}{9} + \frac{75}{30} + \frac{63}{700}

Pick an answer.

(A)
10.09
(B)
10.509
(C)
10.59
(D)
10.9
(E)
10.95
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Toolkit + CCSS Solution

Understand

Restated: A baker has written the total flour for a big batch as $\frac{72}{9} + \frac{75}{30} + \frac{63}{700}$ (in kilograms). We need to find this value as a decimal and match it to one of the five answer choices.

Givens: A sum of three fractions: $\frac{72}{9} + \frac{75}{30} + \frac{63}{700}$; Each fraction has a clean common factor (9, 15, and 7 respectively), so each term reduces to a simple decimal; Five answer choices: (A) 10.09, (B) 10.509, (C) 10.59, (D) 10.9, (E) 10.95

Unknowns: The decimal value of the entire sum

Understand

Restated: A baker has written the total flour for a big batch as $\frac{72}{9} + \frac{75}{30} + \frac{63}{700}$ (in kilograms). We need to find this value as a decimal and match it to one of the five answer choices.

Givens: A sum of three fractions: $\frac{72}{9} + \frac{75}{30} + \frac{63}{700}$; Each fraction has a clean common factor (9, 15, and 7 respectively), so each term reduces to a simple decimal; Five answer choices: (A) 10.09, (B) 10.509, (C) 10.59, (D) 10.9, (E) 10.95

Plan

Primary tool: #7 Identify Subproblems

Secondary: #3 Eliminate Possibilities

Trying to add the three fractions with a common denominator at once (e.g. $6300$) gives messy multi-digit arithmetic. Instead we **split the sum into three independent subproblems** (Tool #7): convert each fraction to a decimal on its own, then add. Every sub-piece is small enough for mental arithmetic. Since the problem is multiple-choice, we close with **Tool #3 (Eliminate Possibilities)** to confirm our value against the five offered decimals.

Execute — Answer: C

#7 Identify Subproblems 3.OA.C.7 Step 1
  • Handle the first term $\frac{72}{9}$.
  • Because $72 = 9 \times 8$, the division comes out exactly and the fraction equals the whole number $8$.
$$\dfrac{72}{9} = 72 \div 9 = 8$$

💡 Fluency with multiplication and division within 100 is a Grade 3 standard, so $72 \div 9$ is immediate.

#7 Identify Subproblems 4.NF.A.1 Step 2
  • Handle the second term $\frac{75}{30}$.
  • Dividing numerator and denominator both by $15$ gives the equivalent fraction $\frac{5}{2}$.
  • (You can also do it in two steps: divide by $5$ to get $\frac{15}{6}$, then by $3$ to reach $\frac{5}{2}$.)
$$\dfrac{75}{30} = \dfrac{75 \div 15}{30 \div 15} = \dfrac{5}{2}$$

💡 Dividing the numerator and denominator by a common factor to get an equivalent fraction is taught in Grade 4.

#7 Identify Subproblems 5.NF.B.3 Step 3
  • Convert the simplified $\frac{5}{2}$ to a decimal.
  • A fraction means "numerator divided by denominator," so $5 \div 2 = 2.5$.
$$\dfrac{5}{2} = 5 \div 2 = 2.5$$

💡 Interpreting a fraction as numerator-divided-by-denominator and writing it as a decimal is the heart of Grade 5 fractions.

#7 Identify Subproblems 4.NF.C.6 Step 4
  • Handle the third term $\frac{63}{700}$.
  • Dividing top and bottom by $7$ gives $\frac{9}{100}$.
  • A fraction with denominator $100$ translates directly into two decimal places, so the value is $0.09$.
$$\dfrac{63}{700} = \dfrac{63 \div 7}{700 \div 7} = \dfrac{9}{100} = 0.09$$

💡 Rewriting a fraction with denominator $10$ or $100$ in decimal notation is exactly the Grade 4 fraction-to-decimal standard.

#7 Identify Subproblems 5.NBT.B.7 Step 5
  • Finally, add the three decimals, lining up the decimal points.
  • The ones column gives $8+2=10$ (with a carry), the tenths column gives $0+5+0=5$, and the hundredths column gives $0+0+9=9$, so the sum is $10.59$.
$$8.00 + 2.50 + 0.09 = 10.59$$

💡 Adding decimals to hundredths is a Grade 5 standard; once the place values are aligned it behaves just like whole-number addition.

#3 Eliminate Possibilities 5.NBT.A.3 Step 6
  • Cross-check against the answer choices.
  • The candidates are $10.09$, $10.509$, $10.59$, $10.9$, and $10.95$.
  • Our computed value $10.59$ matches choice **(C)** exactly.
  • (A) $10.09$ drops the $2.5$ tenths from the second term; (B) $10.509$ has a thousandths digit our calculation never produces; (D) $10.9$ ignores the small $0.09$ piece; (E) $10.95$ has the tenths and hundredths digits swapped.
$$10.59 \;\Rightarrow\; \textbf{(C)}$$

💡 Reading and comparing decimals to thousandths place-by-place is the Grade 5 standard that makes the elimination safe.

[1] #7 3.OA.C.7 Handle the first term $\frac{72}{9}$. Because $72 = 9 \times 8$, the division co
[2] #7 4.NF.A.1 Handle the second term $\frac{75}{30}$. Dividing numerator and denominator both
[3] #7 5.NF.B.3 Convert the simplified $\frac{5}{2}$ to a decimal. A fraction means "numerator d
[4] #7 4.NF.C.6 Handle the third term $\frac{63}{700}$. Dividing top and bottom by $7$ gives $\f
[5] #7 5.NBT.B.7 Finally, add the three decimals, lining up the decimal points. The ones column g
[6] #3 5.NBT.A.3 Cross-check against the answer choices. The candidates are $10.09$, $10.509$, $1

Review

Reasonableness: Quick magnitude check: the first term is $8$, the second is between $2$ and $3$, and the third is a tiny number close to $0$, so the sum should land near $8 + 2.5 + 0 \approx 10.5$. The value $10.59$ sits exactly where we expect, with the small extra $0.09$ from the third term accounted for. Choices like $10.9$ ignore the hundredths digit, $10.95$ has the digits flipped, $10.09$ throws away the $2.5$ entirely, and $10.509$ has a thousandths digit that our calculation cannot produce.

Alternative: An alternative is Tool #13 (Convert to Algebra): give all three fractions a common denominator of $6300$, add the numerators, then convert. $\frac{50400}{6300} + \frac{15750}{6300} + \frac{567}{6300} = \frac{66717}{6300} = 10.59$. The answer is the same, but the arithmetic is heavier, so splitting term-by-term with Tool #7 is the friendlier path for an elementary student.

CCSS standards used (min grade 5)

  • 3.OA.C.7 Fluently multiply and divide within 100 (Computing $72 \div 9 = 8$ in one step.)
  • 4.NF.A.1 Explain why a fraction is equivalent to another fraction (Reducing $\frac{75}{30}$ to the equivalent fraction $\frac{5}{2}$ by dividing numerator and denominator by $15$.)
  • 4.NF.C.6 Use decimal notation for fractions with denominators 10 or 100 (Rewriting $\frac{9}{100}$ as the decimal $0.09$.)
  • 5.NF.B.3 Interpret a fraction as division of the numerator by the denominator (Converting $\frac{5}{2}$ to the decimal $2.5$ via $5 \div 2$.)
  • 5.NBT.A.3 Read, write, and compare decimals to thousandths (Comparing the computed value to the five decimal answer choices $10.09$, $10.509$, $10.59$, $10.9$, $10.95$ digit by digit.)
  • 5.NBT.B.7 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals to hundredths (Performing the final aligned-decimal addition $8 + 2.5 + 0.09 = 10.59$.)

⭐ This problem only needs Grade 5 fraction-to-decimal conversion and decimal addition you already know!

⭐ This problem only needs Grade 5 fraction-to-decimal conversion and decimal addition you already know!